Gambling involves placing a value on an event that has a random outcome, such as the roll of a dice, the spin of a roulette wheel, or the result of a horse race. This activity can have a number of social, financial, and psychological effects on individuals and communities. While some of these impacts are monetary in nature, others are non-monetary and may have long-term consequences. Therefore, it is important to consider the full range of impacts in a holistic manner when researching gambling.
There are many reasons why people gamble, including for social interaction in a casino setting, the excitement of winning money, and the fantasy of changing one’s lifestyle. Regardless of the reason, all gambling behavior is based on risk and uncertainty. The brain produces a dopamine response in anticipation of a reward, much like a basketball player getting a point when they shoot a basket or a person wins a lottery ticket. This positive reinforcement motivates the individual to continue the action, even when it is no longer enjoyable.
Some individuals are unable to control their gambling habits and can develop an addiction, which has negative implications for themselves and those around them. Problem gamblers are at high risk for depression and other mental health problems. They often lie to family members, therapists, and employers about their gambling habits, and they may engage in illegal activities such as forgery or theft in order to finance their addiction. Problem gamblers also tend to spend a large amount of time gambling and less time on work, school, or other important activities.
The social and economic impact of gambling is complex, and the methodology used to measure these impacts varies widely. Some researchers use a cost of illness perspective, which is similar to the approach taken for alcohol and drug research, while others focus on identifying harms that are not monetary in nature and assigning monetary values to them. A holistic approach is needed to better understand the social and economic impacts of gambling, as these impacts are felt at the community and societal level.
To reduce the effects of gambling, individuals can take a number of steps. They can speak with a trusted family member or friend about their gambling problems; set boundaries in managing money and taking control of family finances; review bank and credit card statements; and reduce socializing at casinos and other gambling venues. They can also join a support group such as Gamblers Anonymous, which is modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous and can help them learn how to cope without gambling. Lastly, they can find new ways to socialize and escape, such as exercising, reading, volunteering, or joining a sports team. This will reduce the urge to gamble and increase self-respect and a sense of accomplishment. If the problem persists, individuals can seek professional help through a counselor or treatment program.
