Gambling is a common leisure activity that has significant financial, labor, health and social impacts not only for the gambler but also for their families, friends and society. Most gambling studies have focused on negative or harmful impacts, but a more comprehensive approach is needed. Using a public health perspective that considers both the positive and negative impacts of gambling could help to create a framework for future research and policy making.
Despite the negative stigma attached to gambling, it is important to remember that many people enjoy it as a way to socialise, get an adrenaline rush or escape from problems and stress. However, for some it can be a serious problem. If you are struggling with a gambling addiction, it is important to seek help and support. There are many organisations that can offer advice and treatment, or you can contact a GP or mental health professional for support.
Problem gambling has been associated with many different factors, including low incomes, impulsivity and genetic predisposition. It is also more likely to affect young people, who have more to gain with a win than older people. It can also be a problem for those with underlying mental health issues, such as anxiety or depression. Those with these conditions can be particularly vulnerable to gambling-related harms, because they may have difficulty managing risk or controlling their emotions.
Some people are more likely to develop a gambling disorder than others, but everyone can become affected. Vulnerability is increased for young people, those with a family history of gambling disorders and those who have poor financial and employment circumstances. It can also be a problem for people with low levels of social capital, which can make it harder to seek help.
There are many ways to gamble, from betting on horse races or football matches to playing online slots and games or putting money down on a bingo session. All of these activities are classed as gambling, unless they are played for charity or are a form of skill-based gaming. However, the vast majority of gambling is not considered to be a problem, as long as it is conducted responsibly and in moderation.
The main challenge in assessing the impact of gambling is how to measure its social effects. The monetary definition of social cost and benefit is problematic, as it ignores non-monetary impacts. Attempts to calculate the consumer surplus in this context have had limited success, as it attempts to place a value on something that is clearly not monetary. In addition, interpersonal and community/society level impacts have often been overlooked, primarily because they are not easily quantifiable. However, a new methodological approach to the measurement of gambling impacts is being developed.
